Have you ever had this feeling? You casually mention to a friend that you want to eat hotpot, and when you scroll through your phone, all you see are hotpot ads. This kind of precise monitoring truly makes people feel helpless.

The problem with Web2 is obvious—the user data is exploited layer by layer by companies, and we have almost no privacy to speak of. The emergence of Web3 originally promised to change all this, but what happened? The characteristics of public blockchains are transparency; all transaction records and wallet balances are stored on-chain, which actually makes privacy issues more complicated😅

However, recently I’ve seen some new ideas from certain teams that are quite interesting. Instead of letting data run naked on the public chain, it’s better to migrate computation execution and state management to the user’s local device, so that only the results need to be verified on-chain without exposing details. This "execution layer decentralization" approach might find a new balance between transparency and privacy.