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TBC(圖靈比特鏈)
UTXO 智能合約:可編程性的回歸與超越
中本聰在腳本系統的設計中埋下擴展性伏筆,他寫道:
「The scripting language is designed to be flexible and extensible... advanced features such as multi-signature transactions, time locks, and more complex logic to be added in the future.」
翻譯:「腳本語言的設計具有靈活性和可擴展性...未來可以添加多重簽名、時間鎖和更複雜的邏輯。」
儘管中本聰未明確提及智能合約,但其對「複雜邏輯」的預留設計為 TBC 的 UTXO 智能合約鋪平道路。
TBC 透過獨創的 BVM(Bitcoin Virtual Machine)架構,在 UTXO 模型中嵌入圖靈完備的合約邏輯:利用 OP_PUSH_META 操作碼將合約代碼與交易數據綁定,每個 UTXO 獨立執行合約,礦工僅需本地驗證腳本,無需全局狀態競爭。這一設計使合約執行效率較以太坊提升 10 倍,且失敗時不扣 Gas 費,調試成本趨近於零。
同時,TBC20(FT 協議)與 TBC721(NFT 協議)支持全數據上鏈的 NFT 發行,打破以太坊鏈下存儲的「偽去中心化」困局。TBC 的智能合約不是對以太坊的模仿,而是對中本聰「腳本擴展性」預言的終極兌現——讓 UTXO 模型在保持高效的同時,承載 DeFi、GameFi 等複雜金融邏輯